tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38252815151921693682024-03-13T06:09:29.341-07:00COLEMAN & HOROWITT CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW BLOGFocused on California law concerning land, air and water resources, agriculture, and the environment. Craig A. Tristaohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03692747215328078556noreply@blogger.comBlogger67125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-33379638852686421422019-05-14T10:06:00.000-07:002019-05-14T10:07:08.808-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This article was included in the Milk Producers Council's Report 5/10/2019 </span></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The
Social Security Administration Is Sending Out No Match Letters - How Does an
Employer Deal With A No Match Letter When Received? </span></strong><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><em><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">By Gregory J. Norys</span></em><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><br />
<em><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Partner, Coleman &
Horowitt, LLP, Attorneys At Law</span></em><br />
<em><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><a href="mailto:gnorys@ch-law.com"><span style="font-style: normal;">gnorys@ch-law.com</span></a></span></u></em></span></i><span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">While
the Social Security Administration (SSA) warns against making inferences about
an employee’s immigration status after the receipt of a no match letter, many
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) offices consider an employer’s
receipt of no match letters to be an indication that an employer might have
questionable hiring and record-keeping practices. An employer’s failure to show
specific action in response to a no match letter could therefore be considered
by ICE as a significant negative factor when determining if enforcement
actions, including fines and criminal prosecution, should be taken.<br />
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<em><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">Continue reading</span></em></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><em><br /></em></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><em><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"><a href="https://milkproducers.us7.list-manage.com/track/click?u=4fd3615a6ba79bd78d3a2aca8&id=e166bd8b1a&e=2a305d50c9">https://milkproducers.us7.list-manage.com/track/click?u=4fd3615a6ba79bd78d3a2aca8&id=e166bd8b1a&e=2a305d50c9</a></span></em></span>Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-58762227126715155522019-04-24T09:47:00.000-07:002019-04-24T09:48:08.874-07:00Coleman & Horowitt Assists Client With CFATS Compliance.<br />
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<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Attorneys at Coleman & Horowitt recently
assisted a client in discussions with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
regarding compliance with the </span><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Chemical
Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) program</span><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">. Specifically, they
assisted the client in explaining how certain chemicals, including chemicals of
interest (COI), were being used to grow crops and therefore subject to the extension
from CFATS for agricultural activities (Ag Extension). The practical aspect of
this outcome is that the client will not be subject to potentially cost
prohibitive security measures for fertilizers used in crop production. Please
continue reading for a brief discussion of CFATS and the Ag Extension. If you
have received correspondence from an analyst or investigator with DHS regarding
CFATS, Lee N. Smith and Craig A. Tristao of our office are experienced in
discussions and can help you navigate compliance.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
CFATS Program.</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">To protect the
nation from the exploitation of hazardous chemicals, Congress authorized the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to create the Chemical Facility
Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) program (6 CFR Part 27) in order to identify
and regulate high-risk chemical facilities to ensure they have security
measures in place to reduce the risk of a terrorist attack associated with
certain chemicals of interest (COI) that can be used to create explosive
devices or otherwise cause us harm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The CFATS
regulation lists more than 300 COIs, which if held in specified quantities or
concentrations known as standard threshold quantities (STQ), trigger reporting
requirements to DHS via an online questionnaire called a Top-Screen. Facilities
are required to report their chemical holdings within 60 days of coming into
possession of a COI. However, DHS has given certain agricultural facilities a
time extension for that reporting requirement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The Ag Extension.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In January 2008,
the Department published in the Federal Register a December 2007 letter
granting a time extension for certain farmers and other agricultural users who
are otherwise required to report their COI holdings and submit a Top-Screen
survey under CFATS (see 73 Fed. Reg. 1640 January 9, 2008).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The Ag Extension
provides in pertinent part:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">(1) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Until further notice, or
unless otherwise specifically notified in writing by DHS, the Top-Screens will
not be required for any facility that is required to submit a Top- Screen
solely because it possesses any Chemical of Interest, at or above the
applicable screening threshold quantity, for use—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">(a) in preparation for the treatment of crops, feed, land, livestock
(including poultry) or other areas of an agricultural production facility; or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">(b) during application to or treatment of crops, feed, land, livestock
(including poultry) or other areas of an agricultural production facility; This
extension applies to facilities such as farms (e.g., crop, fruit, nut, and
vegetable); ranches and rangeland; poultry, dairy, and equine facilities;
turfgrass growers; golf courses; nurseries; floricultural operations; and
public and private parks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">(2)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This extension does not
apply to chemical distribution facilities, or commercial chemical application
services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">(3) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This extension does not
apply to chemical distribution facilities, or commercial chemical application
services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">DHS
Fact Sheet on the Ag Extension that Potentially Misinterprets the Extension.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Although the Ag
Extension appears straightforward, agricultural businesses that utilize COIs may
receive inquiries about how the COI’s are being utilized. This is because of a
lack of understanding by DHS staff as to how COI’s are used in agricultural
operations, and a DHS Fact Sheet which purports to exclude storage from the
extension. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In November 2017,
DHS issued a “Fact Sheet” on the Ag Extension. The Fact Sheet purports to
identify situations when the Ag Extension does not apply. It provides:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #002e80; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">“When<span style="letter-spacing: -2.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -2.1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Extension<span style="letter-spacing: -2.1pt;"> </span>Does<span style="letter-spacing: -2.05pt;"> </span>Not<span style="letter-spacing: -2.1pt;"> </span>Apply.</span></u></b><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 112%;">The<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">extension</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">does</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span></u><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">apply</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agricultural</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">production</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">fac</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ilities</span>
that<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">COI</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">or</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">above</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
applicable</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">STQ</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">or</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.25pt; mso-font-width: 101%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">purpo</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">other</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">than</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tho</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">li</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ted</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>above.<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">or</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">example…</span>●
If<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agri</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ultural</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ility</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tore</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and/or</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">distributes</span></u><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">COI</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">…...</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">These<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ilities</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">mu</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">st</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ubmi</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Top</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Sc</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">reen</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">within</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">60</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">days</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">coming</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">into</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">po</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ss</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ion</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>COI.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The intention of DHS is logical, they want to
know what security measures are in place at an agricultural facility that
possesses a COI. However, you maybe contacted because DHS’ Fact Sheet is
overbroad with regard to storage of chemicals, and in addition it may not be
obvious that the chemicals at issue are being used to grow crops, as staff are
likely not be as familiar with agricultural operations as they are with
industrial operations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Notwithstanding
the language in the Fact Sheet, the Ag Extension, by its terms, applies to
“farms…; ranches…”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, it appears
the intent of the letter was only to exclude “chemical distribution facilities,
or commercial chemical application services” from the Ag Extension and to not exclude
the Ag Extension to locations used by farming operations as part of their crop
production activities – see the Ag Extensions reference in (1)(a) “in
preparation for the treatment of crops…”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Further,
although the language “store” is not used in the Ag Extension, the word
“possess” is used frequently (see, i.e., section (1)”…will not be required for
any facility that is required to submit a Top- Screen solely because it <u>possesses</u>
any Chemical of Interest...”) and certainly implies that “storage” at least for
an interim basis, is included. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Additionally,
in reviewing whether storage or possession is actually allowed under the Ag
Extension letter, it is useful to compare the Ag Extension letter, which
identifies operations subject to the letter as CFAT facilities, to the actual
CFATs regulations. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The definition of a
facility under the regulations also contains the language “possess.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Chemical Facility or facility shall mean any
establishment that possesses or plans to possess, at any relevant point in
time, a quantity of a chemical substance determined by the Secretary to be
potentially dangerous or that meets other risk-related criteria identified by
the Department. As used herein, the term chemical facility or facility shall
also refer to the owner or operator of the chemical facility. Where multiple
owners and/or operators function within a common infrastructure or within a
single fenced area, the Assistant Secretary may determine that such owners
and/or operators constitute a single chemical facility or multiple chemical
facilities depending on the circumstances. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6 CFR Chapter I, Part 27.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">As such, the Fact Sheets’ use of “store” is
overbroad if it is applied to facilities that hold a COI as part of crop
production activities– the exception would swallow the exemption, and your farm
should not be required to provide a “Top-Screen” for the COI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">What to do When You Receive
an Inquiry?</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">If you receive an inquiry from DHS, you
should contact counsel to discuss how to best respond. Counsel can assist you
in communications with the agency, analyze whether any extensions apply to your
use of a COI, and help you comply with the CFATS program if necessary.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-9166667732855407422019-04-08T11:18:00.000-07:002019-04-08T11:18:03.723-07:00Central Valley Regional Water Board investigating Manure Pond Depth to Groundwater for Certain Dairies<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: -.75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
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This blog is re-posted from the Milk Producers Council Newsletter. If you have any questions please contact Kevin Abernathy at the Milk Producers Council or Lee N. Smith or Craig Tristao of our office..</div>
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The Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board
(Regional Board) officials confirmed Thursday that they are in the process of
contacting about 70 dairies to investigate whether their manure retention
ponds are in direct contact with groundwater. <o:p></o:p><br />
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Some dairies have already reported receiving the letters,
which order them to submit technical reports to help determine whether their
ponds intersect the water table. Regional Board officials said the effort is
focused in an area of the northern San Joaquin Valley known for historically
shallow water tables, near communities like Hilmar, Turlock and Merced. </div>
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The
targeted area appears to include parts of Stanislaus, Merced and San Joaquin
Counties. Initial reports indicate that the Regional Board is giving dairies
until July 31 to respond to their request for information determining whether
the dairy’s pond intersects. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The letters require affected dairies to have a licensed
civil engineer or land surveyor prepare a “Groundwater Separation Study,”
which would include the elevation of the land surface near the lagoon, the
lowest part of the top embankment, depth of groundwater below ground surface,
“highest anticipated groundwater,” and a comparison of the elevation of the
bottom of the lagoon to highest anticipated groundwater. If the ponds
intersect groundwater or highest anticipated groundwater, the Regional Board
is asking dairies to respond by October 31 with a “remedial workplan”
including a time schedule for “elimination of the threats to groundwater
associated with this condition.” The October 31 deadline appears to be for
submitting the plan, and the letters to not state a specific deadline for
when affected dairies would have to fully implement the remedial workplan. However, they would have to propose a time schedule for
doing so. Milk Producers Council has requested additional information and is closely monitoring
the situation; and will provide updates as developments warrant. </div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-83438077250121182602019-01-29T15:19:00.000-08:002019-01-29T15:37:04.639-08:00CEQA Revised Guidelines Memorandum<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9Bf4vK2Caog/XFDexnWbNmI/AAAAAAAACyQ/GdC7O_AmDCMyrMH7g2Y4QQKA4YnYLg25ACLcBGAs/s1600/p1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="816" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9Bf4vK2Caog/XFDexnWbNmI/AAAAAAAACyQ/GdC7O_AmDCMyrMH7g2Y4QQKA4YnYLg25ACLcBGAs/s320/p1.jpg" width="247" /></a></div>
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Coleman & Horowitt LLP provided a presentation to the American Council of Engineering Companies/ San Joaquin Chapter on January 9,
2019 regarding the revised CEQA Guidelines. </div>
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A<span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; white-space: pre-wrap;">fter several years of regulatory efforts, in 2018 the most recent changes to the CEQA guidelines were finalized, and went into effect in December of the same year. While there are a number of changes, the most significant relate to analyzing traffic impacts,the Green House Gas (“GHG”) analysis, the water supply analysis and significant modifications to the Initial Study Checklist in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. </span></div>
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<span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Memorandum is a summary of the more significant changes. Many of the final changes appear to be an attempt to reconcile the Guidelines with the current case law. </span></div>
<br />
<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRmmQX5PqZYNYe7QIKXZUfQ6ukGzE8zA6izXhDEfFlxY_O6fMjkgecI0lzRaEBYI9KFCx5Z6Jlbs3Eh/pub">https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRmmQX5PqZYNYe7QIKXZUfQ6ukGzE8zA6izXhDEfFlxY_O6fMjkgecI0lzRaEBYI9KFCx5Z6Jlbs3Eh/pub</a>Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-72257129532826370762019-01-28T17:42:00.000-08:002019-01-28T17:42:11.856-08:00Coleman & Horowitt LLP World Ag Expo Reception<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
We are having a reception at the World Ag Expo, please contact us if you wish to attend.</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TJAycwThQe4/XE-uuurJL9I/AAAAAAAACyE/M6LeO27wwlolfTA4gBKrZklliY5i5vYtACLcBGAs/s1600/ag%2Bshow%2Bflyer_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1233" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TJAycwThQe4/XE-uuurJL9I/AAAAAAAACyE/M6LeO27wwlolfTA4gBKrZklliY5i5vYtACLcBGAs/s640/ag%2Bshow%2Bflyer_.jpg" width="492" /></a></div>
<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-52076005290108131892019-01-25T17:44:00.000-08:002019-01-28T17:47:15.098-08:00<br />
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Coleman & Horowitt LLP partner Lee N. Smith is participating in AB
617 South Fresno Steering Committee. </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-size: 48px; letter-spacing: -0.266667px;"><b>AB 617 Steering Committee</b></span></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">In mid-December and January dozens of residents,
business representatives and other community members attended the first meeting
of the South Central Fresno Steering Committee as part of </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">AB 617 </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Assembly Bill (“AB”) 617 (C. Garcia, Chapter 136, Statutes </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">of 2017) was approved by the
California legislature in</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2017, in conjunction with AB
398, which was an extension </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">of the Greenhouse Gas Cap &
Trade program, in an effort </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">to engender support from the
diverse parties in the air</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">quality arena. AB 617 in
summary requires the California </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Air Resources Board (“CARB”) to
develop a Community Air </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Protection Program for the
state, and then select, based</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">on the plan, the highest
priority locations to deploy community </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">air monitoring systems. The
Program’s focus is to </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">reduce exposure in communities
most impacted by air</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">pollution. Once the communities
and relevant emissions </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">are identified and a local
steering committee appointed, </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">specific options for monitoring
and subsequent control</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">measures are to be proposed.
From the outset there has </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">been a concern with the
potential for fence line monitoring </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">of sources as well as the use
of low cost personal monitors</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">by community groups. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">The third meeting of the South Fresno Steering Committee will be in Mid-February</span></div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-46193044384475538962019-01-10T10:03:00.000-08:002019-01-10T10:03:04.901-08:00What Consultants to Governmental Agencies Need to know about Government Code § 1090 and the Political Reform Act<br />
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<b style="font-size: 21.3333px;">Government Code§ 1090 and the Political Reform Act</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">This article is part of presentation that was made to the San
Joaquin Valley Chapter of the American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC)
by David Weiland on January 9, 2019.</span></div>
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<i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #333333; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Government</span></i><i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="border: 1pt none; color: #333333; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19.9333px; padding: 0in;"> Code § 1090(a):</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="border: 1pt none; color: #333333; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19.9333px; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #333333; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i><i style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="border: none 1.0pt; color: #333333; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Members of the Legislature,
state, county, district, judicial district, and city officers or employees
shall not be financially interested in any contract made by them in their
official capacity, or by any body or board of which they are members. Nor shall
state, county, district, judicial district, and city officers or employees be purchasers
at any sale or vendors at any purchase made by them in their official capacity. </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">How does Government Code section 1090 apply to consultants to California public entities? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"> If you provide professional services under contract for any
public agency, or fill a statutory position by contract, awareness of section
1090 is critically important. Attorneys, accountants, and engineers
all need to understand the impact of section 1090 and its preclusive effect on
the services they provide. Opinions issued by the Fair Political
Practices Commission (“FPPC”) and the California Attorney General (“AG”) are
instructive as to such effect, and are covered herein.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Public officials, whether elected or appointed,
should perform their duties in an impartial manner, free from bias caused by
their own financial interests or the financial interests of persons who have
supported them. (Gov. Code § 81001, Par. b; “Political Reform Act.”)</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Assets and income of public officials which may
be materially affected by their official actions should be disclosed an in
appropriate circumstances the officials should be disqualified from acting in
order that conflicts of interest may be avoided. (Gov. Code § 81002, Par c.)</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">For the same reasons set forth involving Government Code section
1090, ACEC members should be aware of provisions of the Political Reform Act
which might prohibit or restrict conducting business with a Public Agency if
the member has a spouse employed by the Agency. The FPPC also issues
advisory opinions regarding Political Reform Act conflicts and should be
consulted whenever there is the possibility of a conflict.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 1090</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">The 2015 appellate court case of <i>Steven K. Davis v. Fresno
Unified School District</i> (“<i>Davis”) </i>highlights the dangers
inherent for consultants working for public agencies involving projects
consisting of multiple tiers of services and separate
contracts. While the <i>Davis</i> case solely addressed
the involvement of a general contractor in pre-bid consulting services to the
school district which subsequently hired the general contractor to construct
the project, public agency attorneys and the FPPC have given the case broad
interpretation to prohibit consultants from performing professional services to
the agency involving overall planning, scoping, and project recommendations and
then providing the services recommended by the consultant at the planning
stage. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Such prohibition is not necessarily limited to
recommendations made by the consultant in an official capacity (i.e. Contract
City Engineer). It can include, for example, providing design
services for a public works project emanating from recommendations made by the
consultant in an earlier master plan prepared by the same
consultant. The <i>Davis</i> court concluded that Section
1090 was broad enough to include the corporate general contractor within the
reach of the code’s prohibitions, finding that the contract to construct the
school, after the general contractor served in a consulting capacity to the
district, was illegal. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"> The remedy for an illegal public agency
contract is the disgorgement of funds paid to the contracting
consultant. However, since Davis did not seek such remedy, it was
not available to him in his lawsuit. Nonetheless, the <i>Davis </i>court’s
analysis of Section 1090, and of the Political Reform Act prohibitions on
conflicts of interest, has now been extended by public agency attorneys and the
FPPC to a wide range of professional service contracts. Following
are specific examples.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">In a 2016 FPPC opinion letter, the FPPC concluded that a local
city could not award a construction management (contract administration)
contract to an engineering consulting firm that had previously prepared the
construction drawings and specifications for the project. (FPPC File
A-16-170.) In this case, the consulting firm served in the statutory
capacity of City Engineer, and had over the years, obtained a series of general
services contracts covering a broad range of civil engineering services
typically provided by a City Engineer. Such contracts are not
unusual, and are typical, for small communities which cannot afford their own
engineering staff. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Nonetheless, because the engineering consultant
had prepared the construction drawings and specifications under a separate
contract, the FPPC opinion concluded that the consultant had a disqualifying
economic interest in the construction management contract prohibiting the
consultant from providing those services. Coleman & Horowitt was
retained to respond to the opinion letter. The response included a
detailed historical recitation of the general services contracts between the
consultant and the city, and a discussion of the broad range of services
provided in the contracts which not only allowed the consultant to perform the
construction management services, but arguably mandated that the consultant
perform them. While the effort in responding was expensive, it
actually resulted in the FPPC withdrawing its prior opinion letter, allowing
the consultant to perform the construction management
services.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Acknowledging that there were details in the contracts
unique to the particular project at issue, it has resulted in recommendations
from our office that general services contracts of the nature at issue in the
cited FPPC opinion be as broad and detailed as possible as to the types of
services to be provided by the consultant, and the conditions under which such
services <u>must</u> be provided by the consultant.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">The AG has taken a slightly different approach to Section 1090
conflicts. In an opinion issued in 2016, the AG determined that a
City Attorney could not separately contract for bond counsel services based
upon a percentage fee arrangement even though the attorney’s general services
contract provided for such bond counsel services. (AG 12-409, January 28,
2016.) In so holding, the AG determined that the percentage fee
contract was allowable under the Political Reform Act, but not allowable under
Section 1090 because the percentage fee arrangement presented the opportunity
for the City Attorney to advise the city in a way that economically benefitted
the City Attorney. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"> In other words, because the compensation to be
paid to the City attorney under the separate bond counsel contract provided a
“bonus” of sorts in the form of a percentage of the amount of the bonds, the
attorney was in a position to economically benefit if the value of the bonds
was higher. Hence, the City Attorney’s recommendations for the bond
issuance was potentially influenced by the attorney’s interest in the
percentage fee, an arrangement prohibited by Section 1090. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;"> In
addition, the fact that a separate contract was required for the bond services
also triggered the financial interest exclusion of Section
1090. Hence, it can be concluded that, had the City Attorney merely
provided the bond services under the scope of the general services agreement,
without a separate contract, there would have been no conflict. This
is consistent with the ultimate conclusion reached by the FPPC in withdrawing
its opinion letter involving the previously mentioned City Engineer contract
for construction management services.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">POLITICAL REFORM ACT</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">While the Political Reform Act (Gov. Code, § 81000, et seq.) is
aimed primarily at California Election campaigns and practices, the provisions
cited above apply to a wider range of situations involving consultant
activities with public agencies which could economically benefit the
consultant. Where contracts are involved, the FPPC has authority to
issue advisory opinion letters. One recent letter emphasizes the
potential issues that can arise involving spouses or close family members.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">In an opinion issued on November 6, 2018 (FPPC File A-18-212), the
FPPC determined that the public agency employee, employed in a management
position, was prohibited from reviewing any project involving her spouse, a
planning consultant with multiple projects filed with the public
agency. While the public agency’s subsequent actions did not
disqualify the planning consultant from dealing with the public agency, they
did result in the public agency employee being shielded from any involvement with
the planning consultant’s projects. The FPPC analysis is
instructive.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">First, the FPPC factually determined that the agency employee was:
a department head with ultimate responsibility over 60 employees and three
separate divisions of City government; reported to only the City Manager but
also consulted with other department heads of the City; provided direct
supervision to five management level employees within the department; provided
secondary guidance and supervision to other employees within the department; assisted
the public in navigating the processes of the department; met with developers
to answer questions regarding the department processes; made decisions
involving ministerial acts; and provided recommendations regarding
discretionary applications to be considered by the City Council. The
FPPC then factually determined that the spouse was employed as a planner and
project manager for a corporate employer conducting business with the agency
employee’s department.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">The FPPC then analyzed whether the agency employee had a
“financial interest” in the outcome of any decisions made by the department
involving the projects with which her spouse was a consultant. (Gov. Code §§
87100 & 87103.) The Act defines a financial interest as: any
business entity in which the public official has a direct or indirect
investment of $2,000 or more (§ 87103(a).); any business entity in which the
public official is a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or holds a
position of management (§ 87103(d).); any source of income, except gifts or
loans by a commercial lending institution made in the normal course of business
on terms available to the general public without regard to official status
totaling more than $500 in the preceding 12 months (§ 87103(c).); or the agency
employee’s personal finances including those of immediate family members (§
87103.). Based on its analysis of these factors, the FPPC determined
that the agency employee had a financial interest in the form of a community
property interest in the consultant’s income from his employer.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13pt;">Next, the FPPC examined whether it was reasonably foreseeable that
a decision by the agency employee would have a material financial effect on her
financial interest, which was the community property interest in the consultant’s
income from his employer. Applying Regulations 18701(b), 18702.1(b),
18702.1(b)(1) through (3), and 18704 of the California Code of Regulations, the
FPPC determined that, even though the consultant did not actually submit the
applications for the projects being considered, the agency employee had direct
authority over the decisions regarding the project applications, resulting in a
reasonably foreseeably material financial effect on the agency employee’s
community property interest in the consultant’s income. With the
cooperation of the City Attorney, the agency employee directed the department
staff that she would not be involved in any projects involving the consultant’s
employer and further instructed her staff to carry out the policies of the department
just as they would for any other applicant. Only time will tell how
successful this directive will prove to be.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">David J. Weiland is a
partner in the firm and is the head of the firm's litigation department. David
joined the firm in 2014. He was admitted to practice in 1992. He is a graduate
of California State University, Fresno, where he received a degree in civil
engineering. He received his JD from San Joaquin College of Law, where he
served as the Managing Editor of the San Joaquin Agricultural Law Review. Prior
to joining the firm, David served as a partner, member of the Board of
Directors, President and chair of the litigation department of the Fresno firm
Dowling Aaron Incorporated. David, a registered civil engineer, represents clients
in complex commercial, construction, real estate, professional liability
defense, tort defense, as well as municipal law, real estate transactions, and
land use matters. David is experienced in all phases of real estate and
construction litigation and public agency law. He also has significant
experience in the defense of professional liability claims against design
professionals and attorneys. David previously served as the City Attorney for
the cities of Sanger and Mendota. He also serves as an arbitrator privately and
with the American Arbitration Association as well as a mediator. He attended
the Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution for ADR training. David has been
named a Super Lawyer® by Thomson Reuters from 2009 to 2018 and holds an
AV®-preeminent rating from Martindale Hubbell. David is a member of the
American Bar Association (Member: Construction Law Forum), Fresno County Bar
Association (Member: Real Estate, Construction and Litigation sections),
Association of Business Trial Lawyers, Legal Advisory Committee of the
Associated</span></b></div>
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Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-4873666658391256372019-01-04T17:40:00.000-08:002019-01-04T17:40:16.595-08:00AB 617 Article in the Winter Issue of the Association of Environmental Professionals Environmental Monitor.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z20SwIfi6ak/XDAJ7BQjUYI/AAAAAAAACrM/bcqYKU2Y-wMiIm4yym09nr5mnTO6tAjogCLcBGAs/s1600/cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="200" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z20SwIfi6ak/XDAJ7BQjUYI/AAAAAAAACrM/bcqYKU2Y-wMiIm4yym09nr5mnTO6tAjogCLcBGAs/s200/cover.jpg" width="154" /></a></div>
<h2>
Coleman & Horowitt LLP article on AB 617 was published in the Winter Issue of the Association of Environmental Professionals Environmental Monitor.</h2>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jzz7dX9HWmA/XDAJViy-hSI/AAAAAAAACrA/G8-jdRT0-B4IV9i8eDst5pVcKVHUCScKgCLcBGAs/s1600/AEP3_Page_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jzz7dX9HWmA/XDAJViy-hSI/AAAAAAAACrA/G8-jdRT0-B4IV9i8eDst5pVcKVHUCScKgCLcBGAs/s640/AEP3_Page_2.jpg" width="492" /></a></div>
<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-92015540872788165682019-01-01T15:31:00.000-08:002019-01-01T15:31:05.631-08:00 Innovative Ag Services Sustainable Groundwater Management Act Flyer ( a Consultant We Work with Frequently)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HPinK05Ukhw/XCulXkmhl8I/AAAAAAAACqo/QR1LA5b-vdg9et8pcX6aGQxQTbvUNoQDACLcBGAs/s1600/p1_Page_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HPinK05Ukhw/XCulXkmhl8I/AAAAAAAACqo/QR1LA5b-vdg9et8pcX6aGQxQTbvUNoQDACLcBGAs/s640/p1_Page_1.jpg" width="494" /></a></div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-90104756141402356122018-12-26T17:19:00.001-08:002018-12-26T17:19:09.923-08:00Supreme Court Depublishes Prop 65 Cereal Preemption Case<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
The California Supreme Court in October denied the Petition for Review of the Second District Court of Appeal's opinion that a Proposition 65 suit concerning acrylamide in breakfast cereals was preempted by federal law. Although the trial court rejected this argument the cereal manufacturers successfully appealed </div>
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to the Court of Appeals. The Court found that a Prop. 65 cancer warning on whole grain cereal would pose an "obstacle" to Congress' nutrition policies that encourage the consumption of whole grain foods.The Supreme Court denied the Petition to review, however they did grant the request by the
California Attorney General and several environmental groups to depublish the
lower court decision. Consequently this case cannot be cited as precedent<br />
<br />
"The petition for review is denied. The requests for an order directing depublication of the opinion are granted. The Reporter of Decisions is directed not to publish in the Official Appellate Reports the opinion in the above entitled appeal filed July 16, 2018, which appears at 25Cal.App.5th 278. (Cal Const., art. VI, section 14; rule 8.1125(c)(1), Cal. Rules of Court.) Corrigan, J., was absent and did not participate." <br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Cal.Supreme Court </span>10/31/2018. <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">POST FOODS v. S.C. (SOWINSKI) Division SF Case Number </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://appellatecases.courtinfo.ca.gov/search/case/mainCaseScreen.cfm?dist=0&doc_id=2261390&doc_no=S250937&request_token=NiIwLSIkXkg9W1BVSCItSE9IUFA0UDxTJiJeIzlSQCAgCg%3D%3D"><span style="color: #073873; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">S250937</span></a> </span></div>
Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-50820353780264631822018-12-24T11:42:00.000-08:002018-12-24T11:42:38.450-08:00Lee N. Smith of Coleman & Horowitt to Participate in Water Quality/Water Law Conference in Sacramento<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wEjvVAO6BPM/XCExCpdFh9I/AAAAAAAACjs/EBwi_ZxZ_echdrhXwgOsdOaUtytRaj17QCEwYBhgL/s1600/CA%2B1-16%2B%25283%2529_Page_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="894" data-original-width="1600" height="111" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wEjvVAO6BPM/XCExCpdFh9I/AAAAAAAACjs/EBwi_ZxZ_echdrhXwgOsdOaUtytRaj17QCEwYBhgL/s200/CA%2B1-16%2B%25283%2529_Page_1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Lee N. Smith of our office will be participating in a Water Law and<br />
Regulations Conference in Sacramento on January 16, 2019. Mr. Smith will be discussing Water Quality issues in California. His talk will encompass the origins of water quality regulation, the relevant agencies, liability under the Water Code, and touch upon several of the emerging issues including the recent Basin Plan Amendment proposals, the Irrigated Lands Program, and C.V. Salts.<br />
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-43165471991360538762018-12-11T10:07:00.004-08:002018-12-11T10:07:57.584-08:00Proposed Rule Redefining Wetlands under the Federal Clean Water Act<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">On Tuesday
December 11, 2018, the Environmental
Protection Agency released the long awaited (promised by President Trump)
proposed rule that would reduce the types of areas covered by the wetlands
programs under the federal Clean Water Act.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">( Pre-publication version of the Federal Register notice, the supporting analyses and fact sheets are available at: https://www.epa.gov/wotus-rule)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The proposed rule
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers reduces the types of waterways that are covered as compared to the
2015 Obama era rule that was the subject of controversy because of the scope of
the reach of jurisdiction. The more restrictive interpretation included in the
proposed rule is based on a 2006 opinion by Supreme Court Justice Scalia, in <i>Rapanos v. United States </i>547 U.S. 715 (2006). who opined that the federal Clean Water Act only applied to relatively permanent waters; while the other
areas, should be regulated by states.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Of particular interest is the section that discussed crop land:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Prior<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">converted cropland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">This</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">longstanding exclusion</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">certain agricultural</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">areas</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">continued </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">under</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">proposal,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">agencies</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">clarifying that</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">this exclusion</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">would cease</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">apply</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">when cropland is</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">abandoned (<i>i.e.,</i></span><i> </i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">used</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>for,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in support</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">agricultural</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">purposes</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">preceding five</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">years)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and has</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">reverted</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> wetlands.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The proposed rule
creates six exclusive categories of areas that fall under federal jurisdiction. This text if from the EPA Fact Sheet:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><u style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Traditional</span></u><u style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">navigable</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(TNWs)</span></u><br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">traditional</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">navigable</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would
be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">large</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rivers</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lakes,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tidal</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and
the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">territorial seas—such as</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Atlantic</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Ocean,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.85pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Mississippi</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">River,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Great</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Lakes,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and
tidally</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">influenced waterbodies,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">including</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">wetlands,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">along
coastlines—used in interstate</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">foreign
commerce.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Tributaries</span></u><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">agencies’</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tributaries</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rivers</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
streams</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">flow </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">traditional</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">navigable</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters—such as</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Rock</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Creek,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which feeds</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Potomac</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>River <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Washington,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">D.C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">these</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">naturally</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">occurring</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">surface</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">channels</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>must<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">flow</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">more</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>often<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">than
just</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">when</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">it</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rains—that</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">is,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tributaries</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">as</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposed</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>must<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">perennial</span> or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intermittent.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Ephemeral</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">features</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tributaries</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">under</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Tributaries</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">can</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
connect</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">traditional</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">navigable</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">directly,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">through other</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United States,” </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">through other</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">non-jurisdictional</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">surface</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
long </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">as</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">those</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">convey
perennial</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intermittent</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">flow</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">downstream.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Certain
ditches</span></u><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 94.0pt; margin-right: 10.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 94.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->A <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ditch under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposed rule</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">an</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“artificial</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">channel</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">used</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> convey</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 94.0pt; margin-right: 13.85pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 94.05pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ditches</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">where</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">traditional</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">navigable</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such
as</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Erie</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Canal, </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">subject</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ebb and flow</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 94.0pt; margin-right: 8.6pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 94.05pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ditches</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">may</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">also</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">where</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">satisfy
conditions</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tributary</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">definition as</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposed
and</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">either</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>1)<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">were</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">constructed</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span>
a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tributary </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>2)<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">were</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">built</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">adjacent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">wetlands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 40.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Certain
lakes</span></u><u> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and
ponds</span></u><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 94.0pt; margin-right: 19.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 94.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Lakes</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">and ponds</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">would
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">be </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">where</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">traditional</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">navigable</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such as</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Great</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> Salt</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Lake</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in
Utah</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Lake Champlain along the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Vermont-New</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">York</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">border.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 93.95pt; margin-right: 10.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 94.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -17.95pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Lakes</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">and ponds</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">would
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">where</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">contribute</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">perennial</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intermittent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">flow</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">traditional</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">navigable</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">either</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">directly,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">through</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United States,” </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">through other</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">non-jurisdictional</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">surface</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>so<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
long </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">as</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">those</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">convey
perennial</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intermittent</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">flow</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">downstream,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such as</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Lake</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Pepin
in</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Minnesota</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Lake</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Travis</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in
Texas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 93.95pt; margin-right: 10.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 94.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Lakes</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">and ponds</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">would
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">where</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">flooded
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">by</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“water</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 3.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">States” in </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">typical</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">year,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">as </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">many oxbow</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lakes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Impoundments</span></u><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">impoundments</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United States” would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">jurisdictional.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Adjacent</span></u><u> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">wetlands</span></u><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">wetlands</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">physically
</span>touch<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">other</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">jurisdictional</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“adjacent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">wetlands,”</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">as</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Horicon</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Marsh</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in
Wisconsin.</span></div>
</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Wetlands</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">with </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">surface water</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">connection in </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">typical</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">year</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">results</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">from</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>1)<span style="letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">inundation from</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“water</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United States”</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">wetland</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>2)<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">perennial</span> or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intermittent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">flow</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">between</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">wetland
and </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“water</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United
States”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“adjacent.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Wetlands</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">near</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">but</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">don’t physically touch that</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">because</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">separated,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">for</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">example</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">by </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">berm,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">levee,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">upland,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">adjacent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">only</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">where</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">have</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">surface</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">connection described</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in
the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">previous</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">bullet</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">through</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">over</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">barrier,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">including</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> wetlands</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">flooded by</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waters</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">typical</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">year.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">proposal</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">also clearly outlines</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">what</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would</span> not<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United States,”</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">including:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">would
</span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">included in the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposed categories</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“waters</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.95pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">States”</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">listed
above—this</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would provide</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">clarity</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> if</span> a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">feature</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">is</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">identified</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">as</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">jurisdictional</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">it</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would not</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">jurisdictional</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">water</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Clean Water</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Act.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ephemeral</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">features</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">contain</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> water</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">only</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">during
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> in</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> response</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rainfall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 60.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Groundwater.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 60.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.95pt; margin-right: 11.3pt; margin-top: .1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 60.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ditches</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">do</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">meet</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">proposed
conditions</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">necessary</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">considered
jurisdictional,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">including </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> farm</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">roadside</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ditches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Prior<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">converted
cropland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">longstanding exclusion</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">certain agricultural</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">areas</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would
be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">continued </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">under</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposal,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agencies</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">clarifying that</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">this exclusion</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would
cease</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">apply</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">when cropland is</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">abandoned (<i>i.e.,</i></span><i> </i><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">used</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>for,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in
support</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agricultural</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">purposes</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">preceding five</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">years)</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and
has</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">reverted</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
wetlands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Stormwater</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">control</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">features</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">excavated</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">constructed
in upland </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">convey,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">treat,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">infiltrate,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">store</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">stormwater</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">run-off.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.9pt; margin-right: 12.6pt; margin-top: .2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 59.95pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Wastewater</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">recycling structures</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">as</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">detention,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">retention</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and
infiltration basins</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ponds,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and groundwater</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">recharge</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">basins</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">would be</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">excluded
where</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">constructed in</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">upland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 59.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 59.95pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Waste</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">treatment</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">systems.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 95.9pt; margin-right: 11.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 95.95pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Waste</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">treatment</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">systems</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">have</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">been
excluded from the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">definition</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“waters</span> of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United
States” since</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">1979</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
would continue</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> be</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">excluded under</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">this</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">proposal;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">however,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">waste</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">treatment</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">systems</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">are</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">being</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> defined for</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">first</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">time</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">this</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">proposed rule.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 95.9pt; margin-right: 11.3pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 95.95pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">A </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">waste</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">treatment</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">system
would include</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">all</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">components,</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">including lagoons</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">and</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 2.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">treatment</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">ponds</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(such as</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">settling</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">or </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">cooling
ponds),</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">designed to</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">convey
</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">or </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">retain,</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 2.65pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">concentrate,</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">settle,</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">reduce,</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
or </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">remove</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">pollutants,</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">either</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">actively
</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">or </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">passively,</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">from</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 2.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">wastewater</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">or </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">stormwater</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">prior</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">to</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">discharge</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">(or</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">eliminating any</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">such
discharge).</span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif;">This article is
based on preliminary reporting- we will update this report further on this as
we review the related documents that
were released. There is a sixty day comment period for the proposed rule.</span></div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-18976173350439700722018-12-06T09:44:00.000-08:002018-12-06T09:44:07.381-08:00EPA Issues Findings of Failure to Timely Submit Valley PM 2.5 Plan<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pwaCKdMpRWM/XAle1EWaonI/AAAAAAAACZU/I3fUKH5xYkAyLiR-orGNYeSVkThCsT7cwCLcBGAs/s1600/PlanCoverPage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pwaCKdMpRWM/XAle1EWaonI/AAAAAAAACZU/I3fUKH5xYkAyLiR-orGNYeSVkThCsT7cwCLcBGAs/s320/PlanCoverPage.jpg" width="247" /></a></div>
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a Notice of Findings in
the Federal Register (62720 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 234 / Thursday,
December 6, 2018) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on Thursday that the
PM 2.5 Attainment Plan for the Central Valley is overdue and that if it not
completed and incorporated into the State Implementation Plan within 18 months-sanctions
will be imposed that could impact Federal Highway Funds, Offsets and eventually
could require a Federal Implementation Program (“FIP”).<br />
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This Notice was issued despite the fact that the San Joaquin Valley Air
Pollution Control District working alongside the California Air Resources
Control Board has approved its PM 2.5 Plan, and it is pending before CARB for
approval.<o:p></o:p></div>
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CARB is scheduled to vote on the plan in January. Until
then, the EPA said, "the state shall be treated as not having made the
submission… "We note, however, that CARB's submission represents a
significant step in the state's and district's multiyear effort to address the
act's attainment planning requirements," the EPA said.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The section in the Federal Register regarding sanctions and
a portion of the relevant Clean Air Act Section is set out below:</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">II.<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">
</span>Consequences<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Findings<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>Failure</span></b><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">To<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>Submit<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Complete<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>SIPs<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">Under section 110(k)(1)(C) of the
Act, here the EPA determines that a SIP submission (or part thereof) does not
meet the EPA’s minimum <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>completeness
criteria established in 40 CFR part 51, appendix V, the state shall be treated
as not <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">having made the submission (or part<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thereof). Sections 179(a) and 110(c) of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">the CAA establish specific
consequences for failure to submit complete SIP submissions or SIP <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">elements required under part D of
title I of the Act, including the eventual imposition of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">mandatory sanctions in the affected
area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">In<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>accordance<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>EPA’s sanctions<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>sequencing<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>rule<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>40<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>CFR 52.31,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><u><span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">the<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>offset<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>sanction</span></u><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>identified<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>in CAA<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>section<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>179(b)(2)<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>would<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>apply<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>in the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>San<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Joaquin<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Valley<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>area<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>18<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>months after<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>effective<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>date<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>findings,
if<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>EPA<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>affirmatively
determined<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>date<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>State has<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>submitted<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>complete<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">
</span>SIP addressing<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>deficiency<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>the basis<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>findings.<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>If,<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>6 months<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>after<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>offset<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>sanction<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>applies, the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>EPA<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>still<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>affirmatively determined<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>State<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>submitted a<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>complete<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>SIP<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>addressing<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the deficiency<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>basis<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the findings,<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span><u><span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">the<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>highway<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;">
</span>funding<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>sanction</span></u>
identified<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>CAA<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>section<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>179(b)(1) would<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>apply<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>San<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Joaquin
Valley.<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Under<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>40<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>CFR<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>52.31(d)(5), neither<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>sanction<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>would<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>apply<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>if<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>EPA determines<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">18<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>months</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>after<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the effective<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>date<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>findings<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the
State<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>submitted<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>complete<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>SIP submission<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>addressing<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>deficiency
that<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>basis<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>these<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>findings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.95pt; margin-right: 136.6pt; margin-top: 3.1pt; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 90%;">Additionally,<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>finding<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>failure<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>to submit<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>complete<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>SIP<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>submission
triggers<span style="letter-spacing: -1.35pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -1.35pt;"> </span>obligation<span style="letter-spacing: -1.35pt;"> </span>under<span style="letter-spacing: -1.35pt;"> </span>CAA section<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>110(c)<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>EPA<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>promulgate
<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">a<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>FIP<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>later<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>than<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>2<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>years<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>after<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>the finding,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>unless<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>state<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>submitted,
and<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>EPA<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>approved,<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>required SIP<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>submittal.<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Thus,<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>EPA<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>would<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>be <span style="mso-text-raise: 1.0pt; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">required<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>promulgate<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">PM</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 5.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 90%;">2.5</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 5.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; line-height: 90%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 90%; position: relative; top: -1.0pt;">FIP<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "book antiqua" , "serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 90%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>San<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Joaquin<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Valley,<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>relevant<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>part, if<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">
</span>California<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>does<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>submit<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the
EPA<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>does<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>approve<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the necessary<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>SIP<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>submissions<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>2 years<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>after<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>effective<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>date<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>these findings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">Clean Air Act
179(b)(2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(b) Sanctions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">The sanctions
available to the Administrator as provided in subsection (a) of this section
are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(1)</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="color: yellow;"> Highway
sanctions</span><span style="color: #1f497d;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(A) The
Administrator may impose a prohibition, applicable to a nonattainment area, on
the approval by the Secretary of Transportation of any projects or the awarding
by the Secretary of any grants, under title 23 other than projects or grants
for safety where the Secretary determines, based on accident or other
appropriate data submitted by the State, that the principal purpose of the
project is an improvement in safety to resolve a demonstrated safety problem
and likely will result in a significant reduction in, or avoidance of, accidents.
Such prohibition shall become effective upon the selection by the Administrator
of this sanction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(B) In addition
to safety, projects or grants that may be approved by the Secretary,
notwithstanding the prohibition in subparagraph (A), are the following—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(i) capital
programs for public transit;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(ii)
construction or restriction of certain roads or lanes solely for the use of
passenger buses or high occupancy vehicles;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(iii) planning
for requirements for employers to reduce employee work-trip-related vehicle
emissions;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(iv) highway
ramp metering, traffic signalization, and related programs that improve traffic
flow and achieve a net emission reduction;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(v) fringe and
transportation corridor parking facilities serving multiple occupancy vehicle
programs or transit operations;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(vi) programs to
limit or restrict vehicle use in downtown areas or other areas of emission
concentration particularly during periods of peak use, through road use
charges, tolls, parking surcharges, or other pricing mechanisms, vehicle
restricted zones or periods, or vehicle registration programs;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(vii) programs
for breakdown and accident scene management, nonrecurring congestion, and
vehicle information systems, to reduce congestion and emissions; and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d;">(</span><span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">viii) such other transportation-related programs as the
Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, finds
would improve air quality and would not encourage single occupancy vehicle
capacity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">In considering
such measures, the State should seek to ensure adequate access to downtown,
other commercial, and residential areas, and avoid increasing or relocating
emissions and congestion rather than reducing them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">(2) <u>Offsets</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 8.0pt;">In applying the
emissions offset requirements of section 7503 of this title to new or modified
sources or emissions units for which a permit is required under this part, the
ratio of emission reductions to increased emissions shall be at least 2 to 1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-82573742948923274082018-11-27T11:49:00.000-08:002018-11-27T11:54:07.912-08:00OEHHA has Proposed Amendments to Warning Regulations to Clarify the Definitions of Registered Agent and Actual Knowledge<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YPUBC9yPQ6U/W_2brUI6hII/AAAAAAAACTg/vEQH7vi7-5YUnIZf0RfvvqExzS9QYl_ZACLcBGAs/s1600/p65aa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="164" data-original-width="245" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YPUBC9yPQ6U/W_2brUI6hII/AAAAAAAACTg/vEQH7vi7-5YUnIZf0RfvvqExzS9QYl_ZACLcBGAs/s1600/p65aa.jpg" /></a></div>
The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) adopted amendments to the Clear and Reasonable Prop 65 regulations on November 20,
2017 to clarify certain provisions.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
The changes relate to two mains topics: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The first
is to clarify the definition of a Registered Agent for the purposes of providing notice of the Prop 65 requirements. These changes were required as manufacturers and distributors needed clarification as to the definition of a Registered Agent for the purposes of allowing the transmittal of notice requirements to downstream transferees that is now permitted to transfer responsibility for warnings under the 2016 regulations.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The changes add language to the relevant provisions of the regulations that an authorized agent is <u>the authorized agent for the business to which they are selling or transferring the product.</u><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This clarifies that the upstream entities need only to give the notice to their immediate downstream customers, which has been a question for entities attempting to comply with the 2016 regulations:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 23.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">The</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">manufacturer,</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">producer,</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">packager,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">importer,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">supplier,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">distributor</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.95pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">may<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>comply<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>with this <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">article</span> either by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">providing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">warning</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>on the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">label</span> or<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>labeling<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">satisfies</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Section</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Act, or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">providing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">written</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notice</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">directly</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.35pt;"> </span><u>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> business<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>are
selling<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">transferring </span>the</u><span style="letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><u>product<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or </u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>retail<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">seller</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">who</span> is subject<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Section</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6 of</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.95pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Act,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which:</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 44.85pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 59.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">States<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">may</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>result in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>an <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>listed<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chemicals;</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 11.1pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 59.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">Includes <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exact</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>name
or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">description</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span> or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">specific</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">identifying</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">information</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>as a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Universal</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Product</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Code</span> or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">other</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">identifying</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">designation;</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 12.95pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 59.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">Includes all<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> necessary
warning</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>materials<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>such as<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>labels,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">labeling,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">shelf</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">signs</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>or
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tags,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">warning</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">language</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">products</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sold</span>
on<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nternet,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">satisfies</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.25pt;"> </span>Section<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6 of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Act;<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><u>and</u></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 11.1pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 59.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">Has <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">been</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sent</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>business<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which</span> they<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>are</u><span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">selling </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">transferring the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">who</span>
is <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">subject</span> to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Section</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Act</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>or</u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.65pt;"> </span><u>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span></u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">retail </span>seller, <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">and</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">manufacturer,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">producer,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">packager,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">importer,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">supplier,</span>
or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">distributor</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">has</span>
obtained<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">confirmation</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.45pt;"> </span>electronically<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">writing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">receipt</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notice.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 5.35pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 22.3pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">If<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">manufacturer,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">producer,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">packager,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">importer,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">supplier,</span> or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">distributor</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.35pt;"> </span>is <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">complying
with</span> this section<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">providing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">written</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notice</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">directly</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><u>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span></u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.45pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">business</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which</span> they<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>are <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">selling </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">transferring </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">who</span>
is</u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.25pt;"> </span><u>subject<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Section</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6
of</span> the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Act<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span></u>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">retail </span>seller:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 12.95pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 59.05pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">Confirmation</span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">of</span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">receipt</span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span></span></u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">notice</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">must</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">be<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">received</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">electronically</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span></u><span style="letter-spacing: 4.05pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">writing,</span>
and must<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span></u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">renewed,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">receipt</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">renewed</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notice</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">confirmed</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>electronically<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">in</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">writing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">business</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which</span>
they</u><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><u>are selling<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">transferring
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">who</span> is<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>subject<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Section</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6
of</span> the</u><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><u>Act<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span></u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">retail
seller<s>'s</s></span><s> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span></s>no<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>later <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">than</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>February<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>28,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">2019,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">then</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">annually</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thereafter</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">during</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">period</span>
in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;">
</span>product<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>is sold <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">in</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">California</span>
by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>retail<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> seller.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 41.0pt; margin-right: 11.1pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: 55.7pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">Where</span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> business</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>has <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">designated</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">an</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">manufacturer,</span></span></u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: 3.75pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">producer,</span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">packager,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">importer,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">supplier,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">distributor</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">may</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">serve</span> the <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notice</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">on</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span></span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"> </span><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; line-height: 104%;">legal</span></u><u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">service</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">process</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">business.</span></span></u><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">(b) <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">The</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">manufacturer,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">producer,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">packager,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">importer,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">supplier,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">distributor</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 104%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.95pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: .6pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;">may<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>comply<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>with this <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">article</span> either by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">providing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">warning</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>on the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">label</span> or<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>labeling<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">satisfies</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Section</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Act, or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">providing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">written</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">notice</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">directly</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.35pt;"> </span><u>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> business<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">they</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>are
selling<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">transferring </span>the</u><span style="letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><u>product<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or </u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>retail<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">seller</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">who</span> is subject<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Section</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25249.6 of the Act....</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 104%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p> </o:p>The second change relates to what "actual knowledge" means
with respect to duties of the retailers under the Prop 65, 2016 Amendments to
the Clear and Reasonable Warnings. </div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: #202020;">(f) For </span><span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">purposes</span>
<span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of</span> <span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">subsection</span>
<span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(e)(5),</span> <span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">“actual</span> <span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">knowledge”</span> <span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">means</span> <span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">specific</span>
<span style="color: #202020; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">knowledge</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"><span style="color: #202020;">of</span> </span></span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">consumer</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">product</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><u style="color: #202020; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">with</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sufficient</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">specificity</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">retail
</span>seller to <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">readily</span></u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 4.35pt;"> </span><u style="color: #202020; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">identify<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">requires</span> a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">warning,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span> is<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span></u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">received</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> by</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><u style="color: #202020; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">the<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">authorized</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">agent</span></u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 2.75pt;">
</span><u style="color: #202020; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">or a <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">person</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">whose</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">knowledge</span>
can be <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">imputed</span> to<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span></u><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">retail</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">seller</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">from</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">any</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">reliable</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">source.</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 3.25pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">If</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">source</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> this </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">knowledge</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
is a</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">notice</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">served</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">pursuant</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Section</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 2.65pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">25249.7(d)(1)</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Act,</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">retail </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">seller shall</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">not</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">be</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">deemed</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">to</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">have</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">actual</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">knowledge</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 2.65pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">any</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">consumer
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">product</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">that</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">is </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">alleged</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
in </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">notice</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">until</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">five</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> business </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">days</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">after </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">retail
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">seller </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">receives</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> a</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">notice</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">that</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">provides</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
a</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">description</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">product</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">with</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 2.75pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">sufficient</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">specificity</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">for</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">the </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">retail </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">seller </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">to</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">readily</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">identify</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">the</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">product</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">in</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">accordance</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">with</span></div>
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<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Article</span><span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> 9, <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">section</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25903(b)(2)(D).</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #202020; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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The actual knowledge provision is in turn significant because it relates to the instances when a retailer becomes responsible for the warning.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(e) The
retail seller is responsible for providing the warning required by Section
25249.6 of the Act for a consumer product exposure only when one or more of the
following circumstances exist: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(5) The
retail seller has actual knowledge of the potential consumer product exposure
requiring the warning, and there is no manufacturer, producer, packager,
importer, supplier, or distributor of the product who: (A) Is a “person in the
course of doing business” under Section 25249.11(b) of the Act, and (B) Has
designated an agent for service of process in California, or has a place of
business in California.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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OEHHA will receive comments by 5:00 p.m. on December 31,
2018. All comments will be posted on the OEHHA website at the close of the
public comment period.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-28793974524925708632018-10-19T19:12:00.000-07:002018-10-19T19:12:12.248-07:00Prop 65 Proposed Changes to Calculating Exposure to Reproductive Chemicals in Food<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fgDAnj8JRZE/W8qMF0C_DlI/AAAAAAAAB3A/di1414muuf0B-YsmRMAei_8TxQUEvmSdACEwYBhgL/s1600/food.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="118" data-original-width="268" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fgDAnj8JRZE/W8qMF0C_DlI/AAAAAAAAB3A/di1414muuf0B-YsmRMAei_8TxQUEvmSdACEwYBhgL/s1600/food.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">(OEHHA) has proposed changes to the regulations that govern how Prop 65 reproductive
toxicants in foods should be calculated. The proposed changes to the Prop 65
regulations amend 27 CCR §25821(a) and 27 CCR §25821(c) (2) purportedly to
prevent incorrect or inconsistent determinations as to the applicability of
Prop 65</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/lsmith/OneDrive/Prop65/.%20%20https:/oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/crnr/proposed-amendment-sections-25821a-and-c-level-exposure-chemicals-causing" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/crnr/proposed-amendment-sections-25821a-and-c-level-exposure-chemicals-causing</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">§ <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">25821.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Level</span>
of<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> Exposure</span> to <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Chemicals </span>Causing <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Reproductive</span> Toxicity</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(a) For <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">purposes</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>Act, <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“level</span> in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">question”</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">means</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chemical</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">concentration</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> a<span style="letter-spacing: 3.35pt;"> </span>listed chemical<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span> in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">question.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">The</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">question</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">includes</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">which</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>person<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">course</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> doing<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>business is <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">responsible,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>does<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>not
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">include</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span>
a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">listed</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chemical</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">from </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">any</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>other
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">source</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><u>For</u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.15pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">purposes</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> this <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">section,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">where</span> a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> business</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">presents</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>evidence<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>fo<span style="letter-spacing: -3.3pt;"> </span>r
<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">“le</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ve</span><span style="letter-spacing: -3.3pt;">l</span>
in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">qu</span><span style="letter-spacing: -3.3pt;"> </span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -3.3pt;"> </span>stio<span style="letter-spacing: -3.3pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -3.3pt;"> </span>”
</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">listed</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chemical</span> in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>food<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">based</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">on</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">average</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">multiple</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">samples</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span></u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.35pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">food,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">level</span> in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">question</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>may<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>be <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">calculated</span>
by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">averaging
</span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">concentration</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span></u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chemical</span><u>
in</u><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><u>food</u><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">products</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><u>from </u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">different</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><u>manufacturers</u><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><u>or </u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">producers,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><u>or </u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">that</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">were</span> </span><u style="text-indent: 34.05pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">manufactured</span></u><u style="text-indent: 34.05pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span></u><u style="text-indent: 34.05pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">different</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">manufacturing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">facilities</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">from</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>at issue.</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">This proposed
rule bars a producer from calculating an average exposure level from multiple
samples based on food from different manufacturers or producers or from
different manufacturing facilities. OEHHA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stated that they believe<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that it is inconsistent with the purposes of
[Prop. 65] to average concentrations of chemicals in products manufactured over
extended periods, and “<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">based</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">on</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">concentrations</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">measured</span>
in <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">samples</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">foods</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">from</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">different manufacturers</span> or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">producers,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">from</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">different</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">manufacturing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>facilities, <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">because</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">these </span>are <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">not</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">necessarily</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">representative</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">levels</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chemical</span> in<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>products<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">individual
would</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">typically</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>be <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposed</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">when</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">consuming</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">particular</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>in California.”
Initial Statement of Reasons <a href="https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/isor25821100518.pdf">https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/isor25821100518.pdf</a></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">at p.9.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">OEHHA also made proposed changes to the way the rate
of intake or exposure is calculated:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="text-indent: 45.4px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">§ <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">25821.(c)</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>(2)</b> For <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposures</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">to</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">consumer</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">products,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">level</span> of <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">shall</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>be <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">calculated</span>
using the <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">reasonably</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>anticipated<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>rate<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intake</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">average</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">users</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">consumer</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.85pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">and</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>per <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">capita</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">basis</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>for <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">general</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">population.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><u>This rate<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intake</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or</u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.35pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>is <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">calculated</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>as <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">arithmetic</span> mean<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rate</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intake</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for users</u><span style="letter-spacing: 3.85pt;"> </span><u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">the</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">product.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.1pt;"> </span></u><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">The</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rate</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">intake</span> or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">exposure</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>shall<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> be</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">based</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">data</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>for
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">use</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span> a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">general</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">category</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">categories</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">consumer</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">products,</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such</span> as<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">United</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">States</span><span style="letter-spacing: 4.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Department</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">of</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Agriculture</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Home</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Economic</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Research</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Report,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Foods</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Commonly</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Eaten<span style="letter-spacing: 4.35pt;">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Individuals:</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Amount</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Per <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Day</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Per
<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Eating</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Occasion, <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">where</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">such</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">data
</span>are <span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">available.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In this section 27 CCR § 25821(c)(2), OEHHA <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attempts to define<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the method of calculating <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the reasonably anticipated rate of intake <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by using the arithmetic mean of differing
exposure rates. According to OEHHA the arithmetic mean best captures that
variability because it, unlike a geometric mean or median methodology it “accounts
for consumption levels at both the low and the high end of the range, weighing
the intake of each consumer equally.” Initial Statement of Reasons at p.8.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These amendments would arguably abrogate the state
appellate court decision in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Environmental
Law Foundation v. Beech-Nut Nutrition. et al.,</i> (2015) 235 Cal.App.4th 307, (“<i>Beech-Nut</i>”)
in which the Court allowed exposure calculations based on the average lead
levels across different manufacturers and facilities. It also permitted the use
of the geometric mean to calculate rates of rather than the arithmetic as these
proposed rules require. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">OEHHA in the Initial Statement or Reasons makes it clear that they believe that the Court in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beech-Nut</i> was wrong:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Neither [of the
Court] finding[s] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is consistent with the
intent of OEHHA’s regulations or Proposition 65, which is focused on an
individual exposure from a specific product. Therefore, OEHHA believes that the
regulations should be clarified so that businesses and courts can apply the
correct analysis in the future. It should be noted that it is also inconsistent
with the purposes of the Act to average concentrations of chemicals in products
manufactured over extended periods. OEHHA considered including a time element
in this regulation. Initial Statement of Reasons at p.11<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">The consequence of these new rules would be to make it more difficult for food producers to support a decision to forego labeling certain food products, as the proposed rule makes the Prop 65 threshold more difficult to calculate because of the inherent variability of constituents in foods with respect to the levels in the foods and the variability of the rate of exposure to consumers.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The Public comment cutoff was extended until November 26, 2018 and with a public hearing that will be held on November 19, 2018.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Public comments cutoff was extended until November
26, 2018 and with a public hearing that will be held on November 19, 2018.</span></div>
</div>
<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-50108678453702104282018-10-18T10:23:00.000-07:002018-10-23T16:49:49.423-07:00Issues in Air Quality<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JnEcFBXpcB0/W89Yq-wrN_I/AAAAAAAAB8w/X4Y8eK1Lp4g8UFIrfCkRyI1F36_Vz4inwCLcBGAs/s1600/yos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="167" data-original-width="250" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JnEcFBXpcB0/W89Yq-wrN_I/AAAAAAAAB8w/X4Y8eK1Lp4g8UFIrfCkRyI1F36_Vz4inwCLcBGAs/s1600/yos.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "engraversgothic bt" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt;">This memorandum was prepared for the </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "engraversgothic bt" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt;">Manufacturers Council of the Central Valley</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "engraversgothic bt" , sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;">Coleman
& Horowitt, LLP</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "engraversgothic bt" , sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;">Attorneys
at Law</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "engraversgothic bt" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: "engraversgothic bt" , sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;"> </span><b style="font-family: "EngraversGothic BT", sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;">M E M O
R A N D U M</b></div>
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The
following are the items that were identified that may be of interest to the
MCCV Working Groups with respect to Air Quality Issues.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>AB
617 <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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AB 617 is the statute that was passed last year along with the
revisions to the Cap & Trade and emphasizes enhanced source monitoring in
certain identified communities. With respect to the Valley, South Fresno and
Shafter have been identified<sup>.<o:p></o:p></sup></div>
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<a href="http://www.valleyair.org/recent_news/Media_releases/2018/PR-AB617-Communities-Selection-9-27-18.pdf"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">http://www.valleyair.org/recent_news/Media_releases/2018/PR-AB617-Communities-Selection-9-27-18.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/index.php/our-work/programs/community-air-protection-program-ab617/events/carb-board-public-meeting-september"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/index.php/our-work/programs/community-air-protection-program-ab617/events/carb-board-public-meeting-september</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Community
Steering Committee Applications<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/bizfed/mailings/2589/attachments/original/AB617SteeringCommitteeApp-Interactive.pdf?1538520446"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/bizfed/mailings/2589/attachments/original/AB617SteeringCommitteeApp-Interactive.pdf?1538520446</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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The SJVAPCD is considering hiring third party Service
Providers to assist in developing the steering committees for the communities
identified in the initial round. This is an exerpt of the related staff report:<o:p></o:p></div>
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To ensure that this new and extensive community engagement
process is successful and meets your Board’s expectations, the use of services
to assist the District may be necessary. Given the short timeframe under state
law, District staff is seeking your Board’s approval to contract with
experienced service providers to assist in the facilitation of these steering
committees and with community outreach and participation.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agenda/2018/October/final/14.pdf"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 11.0pt;">http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agenda/2018/October/final/14.pdf</span></a><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>CARB
October Board Meeting- October 25-26, 2018 <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/ma102518"><span style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;">https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/ma102518</span></a><span style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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In particular the cap and trade program is being considered,
this is from a letter that was circulated to the business community urging
participation at the CARB meeting and sign on to a group letter.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Last year, the California
Legislature passed legislation (known as AB 398) to renew the state’s
cap-and-trade program. The goal is to reduce carbon emissions, while also
containing costs for California families. The California Air Resources Board
(CARB) will be implementing the policy. To be sure that CARB follows the
legislation passed, they are to “avoid adverse impacts on resident households,
businesses, and the state’s economy.” There is an indication that CARB is
ignoring this direction and proposing to increase the costs that will impact
the economy. There is an effort by industry to get people to this meeting and
sign on to the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">California Air Resources Board<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">10001 I Street<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Sacramento, CA 95814<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Dear Board Members,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">As a group of concerned
businesses and consumers in California, we are united in strongly opposing
specific provisions of the proposed amendments to the regulation for
administering Cap-and-Trade for the period of 2020 to 2030. Specifically, we
believe the proposed Price Ceiling would fail entirely at its statutory purpose
of controlling costs that are placed on households, businesses, and the overall
economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Assembly Bill 398 (Garcia,
2017) directs the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to include a Price
Ceiling in the proposed regulation to control the prices of allowances. When
setting the Price Ceiling, the legislation specifically directs CARB to “avoid
adverse impacts on resident households, businesses, and the state’s economy.”
This important and straightforward direction reflects a widespread and
bipartisan recognition that the costs of climate regulations must be managed in
order for the regulations to be successful and avoid driving California
consumers, workers, and businesses into insolvency.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Unfortunately, CARB is
proposing to set a Price Ceiling that is nearly twice as high as experts
recommend. This proposal threatens to impose unaffordable, runaway costs on all
Californians, and violates the legislative directions to “avoid adverse
impacts.” This includes adding up to $1.08 to the cost of a gallon of gasoline,
as well as potential cost increases on energy, food, and other necessities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">These cost increases will
dramatically impact California consumers, workers, and businesses, who already
contend with some of the highest costs of living in our nation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">For these reasons, we are in
strong opposition to the lack of proper price-containment provisions in the
proposed amendments. We ask CARB to consider an approach to cost-containment
that is more aligned with the Legislature’s direction in AB 398.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Thank you for your
consideration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>SJVAPCD
October Board Meeting- October 18, 2018 <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agenda/2018/October/agenda.pdf"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agenda/2018/October/agenda.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">CAC
Meeting<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u>PM
2.5 Plan <o:p></o:p></u></div>
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<a href="http://www.valleyair.org/pmplans">http://www.valleyair.org/pmplans</a><u><o:p></o:p></u></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->District’s Summary<o:p></o:p></div>
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Update on District PM2.5 Planning Efforts – Sheraz Gill,
Deputy APCO, provided an update on the status of the District’s PM2.5 planning
efforts. For the past three years, the District and the California Air
Resources Board (CARB) have led an extensive public process to develop an
attainment strategy to address multiple federal PM2.5 standards. This public
process has included multiple workshops and public meetings, Public Advisory
Workgroup meetings, and regular discussions at Citizens’ Advisory Committee and
Environmental Justice Advisory Group meetings. Through the public engagement process,
the District and CARB have identified a comprehensive list of potential new regulatory
and incentive-based measures to achieve significant emissions reductions from
both stationary and mobile sources. Modeling conducted by CARB as part of the SJVUAPCD
Governing Board planning process demonstrates that the Valley will attain all
three PM2.5 standards by their respective deadlines. The District posted the
draft plan for public review on August 31, 2018. The District and CARB are
working to finalize the remaining elements of the plan prior to posting the
final draft of the plan for public comment ahead of the November 2018 Governing
Board meeting where the plan is scheduled to be considered for adoption.<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Recommendations to the Board from Subcommittee<o:p></o:p></div>
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Due to the breadth and complexity of the plan, CAC members
felt additional time to review and analyze the plan was necessary prior to
making any recommendations to the Governing Board. To allow for this time, the
CAC voted to convene a meeting of the full committee on November 6, 2018, to
consider adopting recommendations for the Governing Board on the District’s
2018 PM2.5 Plan. To facilitate an enhanced review of the plan, CAC members
voted to create an ad hoc subcommittee which will meet in October 2018 to
review the plan further and report back to the CAC at the November 2018.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6 Additional Issues of Interest</span></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u>Dairy
Sustainability Summit<o:p></o:p></u></div>
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Showcase California’s world-leading achievements in
sustainable dairy farm practices and the role dairy plays in the global food
system Explore new ways for dairy farmers to continue improving environmental
sustainability, develop new business opportunities, and reduce on-farm costs Highlight
information, technology, and services that can support dairy farmers’ efforts
to meet continuing challenges, further improve efficiency, and ensure economic
and environmental sustainability. <a href="https://www.cadairysummit.com/">https://www.cadairysummit.com/</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u>SNAPS<o:p></o:p></u></div>
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Excerpts from an Industry
Email, this may be a foreshadowing of the AB 617 program.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/study-neighborhood-air-near-petroleum-sources"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/study-neighborhood-air-near-petroleum-sources</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">The California Air Resources Board (CARB)
is developing a project to better characterize air quality in communities near
oil and gas operations. The Study of Neighborhood Air near Petroleum Sources
(SNAPS) includes limited-term, intensive air quality monitoring with a particular
focus on production facilities. This project can also provide valuable
information to support the Community Air Protection Program (CAPP), formed
pursuant to AB 617.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Under SNAPS, candidate communities for
monitoring are identified based on their proximity to oil and gas wells, and
from public suggestions. CARB staff will locate stationary trailers equipped
with state-of-the art monitoring technologies in communities for up to four
months to determine air quality. The trailers are capable of measuring toxic
air contaminants (TACs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter
(PM), metals, and criteria pollutants. An analysis of available air pollution
measurements, local characteristics, public input, and potential partnerships
in each candidate community will help to prioritize trailer deployment. Staff
will analyze the air quality measurements obtained through trailer monitoring
to characterize exposures to measured pollutants. Where appropriate, the Office
of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) will perform a more in-depth
health analysis, potentially including risk assessment. Some air monitoring
data will be posted in real-time and CARB will publish a complete analysis of
results in separate reports for each site.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-25570709642445835452018-10-04T10:23:00.002-07:002018-10-04T10:58:07.342-07:00Current Agricultural Environmental Issues<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">This article which ran in the Central Valley Ag Supplement of the Fresno Business Journal provides a summary of the areas
of water quality and water supply issues that are the most compelling.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0uB9uexvzgg/W7ZQ1BmxGPI/AAAAAAAAB2k/4euBOelBog4r3pkDXI2Oa_-DCxOQso0gwCEwYBhgL/s1600/cag3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="150" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0uB9uexvzgg/W7ZQ1BmxGPI/AAAAAAAAB2k/4euBOelBog4r3pkDXI2Oa_-DCxOQso0gwCEwYBhgL/s200/cag3.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></b><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>Basin Plans</b><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The state Porter-Cologne Water Quality
Control Act requires the adoption of water quality control plans (Basin Plans)
that provide the outline for managing water pollution in California. The plans
incorporate the beneficial uses of water in that basin and then provide
objectives that maintain and protect these uses. Many of the State’s current
policy changes are implemented through amendments of the existing Basin Plans,
including the Irrigated Lands Program, the Salt and Nitrate Management Plan
that was developed under the CV-Salts program, and the proposed changes to the
Bay-Delta Plan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;">Irrigated Lands Programs (“IRLP”)<o:p></o:p></span></u></h4>
<h4 style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h4>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">The state IRLP regulates
commercial irrigated lands, including nurseries and managed wetlands. Options
for regulatory coverage include joining a Third-Party (coalition) group or
obtaining individual coverage. The coalition groups work directly with members
to assist in complying with requirements that include conducting water quality monitoring
and preparing and filing regional plans and reports to address water quality
problems. Growers who choose to obtain individual coverage must conduct their
own monitoring and reporting and work directly with the Central Valley Water
Board to address water quality problems. The coalitions are generally subject
to adopted orders for the relevant Basins.<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4 style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h4>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal;">CV Salts<o:p></o:p></span></u></h4>
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A coalition of agriculture, cities, industry, and regulatory
agencies worked for a number of years developing a plan for managing salts and
nutrients. The Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long-Term
Sustainability initiative (CV-SALTS) was initiated in 2006 to develop a
management plan. This plan requires amendments to the Basin Plans for the
Sacramento River and San Joaquin River Basins and the Tulare Lake Basin. The
focal point for the amendments is the Central Valley-wide <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk522445321">Salt and Nitrate Management Plan </a>(SNMP). The SNMP
provides a framework for managing salt and nitrates in the Central Valley and
identified 11 proposed strategies, policies, policy changes or clarifications
to the Basin Plans to facilitate the implementation of the proposed strategies
and policies contained in the SNMP. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
amendments establish a three phase program that interfaces with the IRLP and
includes permitting, further studies and provides specific recommendations for
the control and permitting of salt discharges to surface and groundwater and of
nitrate discharges to groundwater.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--></b><u><b>Bay-Delta
Plan</b><o:p></o:p></u></div>
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The State Water Board is considering the adoption of proposed
amendments to the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Francisco
Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary (the “Bay-Delta Plan”). The proposed
amendments include new and revised flow objectives for the Lower San Joaquin
River and its tributaries, the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced rivers, for the
“reasonable protection” of fish and wildlife and beneficial uses and revised
salinity water quality objectives for the southern Delta agricultural
beneficial uses, as well as a program of implementation for these objectives. The
current plan calls for 40 percent of the flow to be allowed to flow downstream unimpaired.
It has been estimated that in a normal year, this would take 290,000 acre-feet
of water from farms and cities, which is about 14 percent of the total amount
they currently receive. The impact would be greater in a drought year in such
conditions farms and cities could lose an estimated 673,000 acre-feet. Similar
amendments will be proposed for the Sacramento River system as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is believed that in addition to losses in
water use from surface sources, the reduction could impact groundwater supplies
as well as the recharge that could affect sustainable plans under the
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act discussed below.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>2.
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA)</b><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On Sept. 16, 2014, Governor Jerry Brown
signed into law a three-bill legislative package, composed of AB 1739
(Dickinson), SB 1168 (Pavley), and SB 1319 (Pavley), collectively known as the
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). Under this statute, groundwater users
in basins starting with those that are prioritized based on their level of overdraw,
must organize into groups that will in turn develop a plan to balance the
groundwater resources in that basin; the plans are due in January 2020.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This statute will affect the amount of water
available to specific users creating effects on the operations and transactions
involving all aspects of agriculture in the Valley. It is predicted that a
considerable amount of land could be required to be fallowed under this statute
to meet the requirements for a balanced groundwater system. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>1,2,3,-Trichloropropane (1,2,3 - TCP)</b><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On Dec. 14, 2017, the California
Water Resources Control Board -Division of Drinking Water adopted a regulation
promulgating an maximum concentration limit (MCL) for 1,2,3 – TCP at the low
level of 0.000005 milligrams per liter (5 parts per trillion). 1,2,3-TCP data
has been compiled which shows statewide that 388 drinking water sources
exceeded the 1,2,3-TCP MCL during the first quarter of 2018.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is estimated that more than 2 million
pounds of pesticides containing 1,2,3-dichloropropene were used in California
alone in 1978. The new level of 5 parts per trillion has resulted, and will
continue to result, in millions of dollars in new treatment units as well as
triggering enforcement actions and lawsuits against the manufacturers and more
recently claims against chemical distributors<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-89557569817038100562018-09-04T20:22:00.002-07:002018-09-07T09:58:58.810-07:00Third Appellate District’s “narrow” opinion could have far reaching impacts on SGMA, groundwater rights, and groundwater extractions.In <a href="http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/C083239.PDF"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Environmental Law Foundation et al., v. State
Water Resources Control Board</i></a> (“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Environmental
Law Foundation</i>”) the Third Appellate District of the State of California (the
“Court”) held (1) the Public Trust Doctrine applies to the extraction of
groundwater that adversely impacts a navigable waterway; and (2) the State
Legislature did not intend to occupy the field of groundwater management by
enacting the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (“SGMA”) in 2014.<br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
In determining that the Public Trust Doctrine applies to the
extraction of navigable waterways the Court relied heavily on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">National Audubon Society v. Superior Court</i>
(1983) 33 Cal.3d 419 (“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Audubon</i>”). Finding <i>Audubon</i> to be precedent, the Court found the extraction of groundwater was akin to the appropriation of
water from tributaries of navigable waterways, as was at issue in <i>Audubon</i>
in that:</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->the diversion of the water caused the level of
the lake to drop, thereby imperiling its scenic beauty and ecological value,
such as groundwater extraction can cause the level of the Scott River to drop
and cause the same harm;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->the values underlying the Legislative mandate
regarding the water rights system at issue in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Audubon</i> (appropriative water rights) collided with the Public Trust
Doctrine, but both systems of legal thought could be implemented together, just
as SGMA can be implemented together with the Public Trust Doctrine;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->whether or not groundwater is navigable is not
the issue; tributaries in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Audubon</i>
were not navigable water ways, the issue is whether the conduct at issue,
diversion or extraction, will adversely impact a public trust resource such as
a navigable waterway.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In determining that SGMA does not occupy the filed of groundwater
management such that the County and Board do not have fiduciary duties under
the Public Trust Doctrine with respect to the extraction of groundwater, the
Court, again relying heavily on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Audubon</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>found:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->just as there was no incongruity between the appropriative
water rights system and the Public Trust Doctrine in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Audubon,</i> there is no incongruity between SGMA and the Public Trust
Doctrine;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->SGMA, like the appropriative water rights
system, can be harmonized with the Public Trust Doctrine.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Moreover, the Court found no evidence of legislative intent
that SGMA was to replace the Public Trust Doctrine. Instead the Court found
that the provisions of SGMA:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->reflect a legislative desire not to interfere with existing law (such as the common law Public Trust Doctrine);<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->SGMA is not as comprehensive as the
appropriative water rights system in place, which <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Audubon </i>found did not eradicate Public Trust Doctrine
considerations;<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->do not subject all groundwater basins to its
regulation, such as adjudicated basins;<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->many requirements of SGMA do not take effect for
several years.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Although the Court considers its decision narrow because it addresses a
navigable stream system which includes interconnected groundwater basins, the decision lays the foundation for additional litigation. A person who feels that a Groundwater
Sustainability Agency ("GSA") is not adequately taking the environment into account
in its Groundwater Sustainability Plans ("GSP") can rely on this case to initiate costly litigation and argue the groundwater extractions to be managed impact a
public trust resource: a bird sanctuary, wildlife preserve, or the surface levels of a navigable waterway; and attempt to have a Court order more stringent restrictions on groundwater extraction than would have otherwise been set forth in the GSP.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Craig A. Tristaohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03692747215328078556noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-6967417444548742282018-08-01T14:14:00.000-07:002018-08-01T14:14:00.667-07:00Central Valley BizFed Meeting to be held at Coleman & Horowitt LLP<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XhtLEX6j12Y/W2Iic22w9TI/AAAAAAAABao/LHspGk_aWvEo-aow6Jp3MKO0UQJjMnCgACLcBGAs/s1600/Document1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1228" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XhtLEX6j12Y/W2Iic22w9TI/AAAAAAAABao/LHspGk_aWvEo-aow6Jp3MKO0UQJjMnCgACLcBGAs/s640/Document1.jpg" width="490" /></a></div>
<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-74589981130699224072018-07-31T15:02:00.000-07:002018-07-31T15:02:40.986-07:00Comments on AB 617 Blueprint<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Coleman & Horwitt LLP assisted the Manufacturer's Council of the Central Valley as well as the Central Valley BizFed in drafting comments to the California Air Resources Board's AB 617 Blueprint. The comments are set out below.</span><br />
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-63811853261828286502018-06-22T09:04:00.000-07:002018-06-22T09:04:08.332-07:00AB 617: San Joaquin Valley APCD Identifies Fresno and Bakersfield Under Community Monitoring<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EmyE6Hd97zE/Wy0dCg51-MI/AAAAAAAABI4/Ro-ogsV4KY07-hzZ6vGnDc9NKMIgOxo0gCLcBGAs/s1600/doc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="976" height="183" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EmyE6Hd97zE/Wy0dCg51-MI/AAAAAAAABI4/Ro-ogsV4KY07-hzZ6vGnDc9NKMIgOxo0gCLcBGAs/s320/doc.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District</span><span style="font-size: large;"> ("SJVAPCD") has tentatively identified sections of Fresno and Bakersfield for Community Monitoring under AB 617. The Staff Report that was presented at at the June 21, 2018 meeting is available online. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_334952039"> </a></span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agenda/2018/June/final/07.pdf">http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agenda/2018/June/final/07.pdf</a> These areas, once monitoring results are reviewed, may be subject to enhanced emission controls, monitoring, enforcement and land use controls that would be designed to reduce emissions in the area.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbU6yniK9H0/Wy0aDJbIRGI/AAAAAAAABIk/iHqmokxDr4EqRsOVB25FUsz9RYgPPQ46ACLcBGAs/s1600/F2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="516" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LbU6yniK9H0/Wy0aDJbIRGI/AAAAAAAABIk/iHqmokxDr4EqRsOVB25FUsz9RYgPPQ46ACLcBGAs/s1600/F2.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aymMqH6Vdbw/Wy0aEZD4c6I/AAAAAAAABIo/NiZ0HHwf1W09lopC9QKXUALNcGl460ujQCLcBGAs/s1600/b2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="520" height="195" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aymMqH6Vdbw/Wy0aEZD4c6I/AAAAAAAABIo/NiZ0HHwf1W09lopC9QKXUALNcGl460ujQCLcBGAs/s320/b2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large; text-align: center;">AB
617 was approved by the legislature in conjunction with AB 398 which amended the Cap & Trade law. It
is a far reaching bill that is intended to identify populations/communities in
California that are being cumulatively impacted by local air quality. In
particular it calls for the development of a plan for monitoring communities
that are cumulatively impacted, and a plan for mitigating emissions. The CARB Draft Community Air Protection Blueprint</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: center;"> </span><a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/community-air-protection-program-ab-617" style="text-align: center;">https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/community-air-protection-program-ab-617</a><span style="text-align: center;"> t</span></span><span style="font-size: large; text-align: center;">hat outlines the Program including proposed actions and community selection criteria is currently out for review with comments due by July 23, 2018. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #434342;">As part of AB 617 the local air districts are to identify preliminary and final lists of recommended communities to CARB. The initial list of communities was identified in April, and a more refined list will be provided in July. The </span>California Air Resources Board (CARB) will publish lists in August and finalize them in September. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"> The SJVAPCD <span style="font-family: inherit;"> in the preliminary round of identifying communities provided</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> a laundry list of </span>disadvantaged<span style="font-family: inherit;"> communities that are effected by the large transportation corridors located in the Valley. </span><a href="http://www.valleyair.org/community/documents/Initial-2018-Community-Recommendations.pdf">http://www.valleyair.org/community/documents/Initial-2018-Community-Recommendations.pdf</a> <span style="font-family: inherit;">In this next round the District has specifically identified South Central Fresno, and North Central Bakersfield.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">AB 617 requires CARB to develop a
monitoring plan for the state, and then select, based on the plan, the highest
priority locations to deploy community air monitoring systems. Once the
communities and relevant emissions are identified, various options for control
measures are to be proposed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #434342;">By July 1, 2019, air districts would be required to
deploy monitoring systems in the selected locations, with data to be published
on the CARB website. </span><span style="color: #434342;">Air districts would also be authorized to require any
stationary sources that emit air pollution that materially affect the selected
location, to deploy a fence-line monitoring system. Once the communities are identified an advisory committee working with the local district can identify control measures, enhanced enforcement, land use controls and other methods to reduce emissions affecting the community. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #434342;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #434342;">Additional locations would be selected to deploy community air monitoring systems on an ongoing basis by January 1, 2020, and every year thereafter as appropriate based on the monitoring plan.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #434342; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">. </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #434342; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span>Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-33365224799760404892018-06-15T15:30:00.000-07:002018-06-15T15:30:37.355-07:00Proposed Proposition 65 Regulation Concerning Chemicals in Coffee <br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xPeiRB37rHU/WyQ8p4J9ppI/AAAAAAAABBc/CGcpeukfBoM6SBA5j2DtUvrvm3l1KMNWgCLcBGAs/s1600/coff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="267" height="213" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xPeiRB37rHU/WyQ8p4J9ppI/AAAAAAAABBc/CGcpeukfBoM6SBA5j2DtUvrvm3l1KMNWgCLcBGAs/s320/coff.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">OEHHA has initiated a proposed regulation to attempt to clarify that exposures to Proposition 65 listed chemicals in coffee are created by the roasting of coffee beans and brewing of coffee and the State asserts that it does not pose a significant cancer risk. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">The proposed language is as follows:</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b> <span style="font-size: large;">ARTICLE 7. NO SIGNIFICANT RISK LEVELS
§ 25704. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> <u>Exposures to Listed Chemicals in Coffee Posing No</u> <u>Significant Risk</u></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> Exposures to listed chemicals in coffee created by and inherent in the processes of
roasting coffee beans or brewing coffee do not pose a significant risk of cancer. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">NOTE: Authority cited: Section 25249.12, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections
25249.6 and 25249.10, Health and Safety Code</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<span style="font-size: large;"> A public hearing on the proposed rule making is scheduled for August 16, 2018 at 10 am in the CalEPA Headquarters Building, 1001 I Street, Sacramento. A public-comment period on the proposed rule making will close on August 30, 2018.</span><br />
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Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-2037746616040991412018-06-11T14:48:00.000-07:002018-06-12T16:00:49.530-07:00Actions for TCP Contamination May be Affected by A Recent Jury Verdict Concerning Sodium Nitrate.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a5ggJ2AusIk/Wx6WjhXmz5I/AAAAAAAAA_0/U-3_7EB8gKIPvL-4EutI6B_ezKBbYkZiACEwYBhgL/s1600/th%2B%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="164" data-original-width="244" height="215" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a5ggJ2AusIk/Wx6WjhXmz5I/AAAAAAAAA_0/U-3_7EB8gKIPvL-4EutI6B_ezKBbYkZiACEwYBhgL/s320/th%2B%25285%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">By Craig A. Tristao and Lee N. Smith</span></h2>
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Lawsuits brought by municipalities against the manufacturers of chemicals, including
1,2,3, Trichloropropane, whom the municipalities contend contaminate drinking water could be for naught as a federal jury awards no damages after finding liability for sodium nitrate contamination of groundwater.</div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">A recent
federal jury decision in an action brought by the City of Pomona against a
North American subsidiary of SQM, a worldwide chemical manufacturer based out
of Chile, may affect whether cities can recover the costs of remediating
chemicals used in past agricultural operations from groundwater, due to
changing regulatory requirements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">The City of
Pomona brought its suit to help offset the cost of treating drinking water
supplies contaminated with sodium nitrate, a chemical used as an agricultural
fertilizer in citrus orchards in the 1930’s and 1940’s, to meet the State’s
drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 milligrams per liter
(mg/L). The City of Pomona sought $30 million dollars in damages to offset the
cost of remediating sodium nitrate in its drinking water sources. The matter
went to the jury, and although the jury found SQM liable for sodium nitrate
levels in drinking water in excess of the State MCL, the Jury did not award the
City of Pomona any damages. Likely because, as SQM’s defense counsel argued in
closing: “at the time SQM was manufacturing its product in the 1930s and 1940s,
they could not have been aware of future regulations in California.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">The same
outcome could hold true for municipalities who are considering suing chemical
manufacturers to obtain funds to aid in the remediation of contaminated
groundwater. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">For example,
1,2,3,-Trichloropropane (1,2,3 -TCP), a manmade chlorinated hydrocarbon with
high chemical stability, has been used as a cleaning and degreasing solvent and
in the Central Valley was used as a
fumigant and a pesticide additive. </span>State
regulation of 1,2,3 -TCP began in 1992 when it was added to the list of
chemicals known to the state to cause cancer, pursuant to California's Safe
Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act (Proposition 65). Subsequently, in
1999 the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) established a
.005-micrograms per liter (μg/L), or five parts per million (PPM),drinking
water notification level based on cancer risks derived from laboratory animals
studies conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)
in 1997. Thereafter, in 2001, following concerns 1,2,3-TCP may be contaminating
California drinking water sources, the SWRCB included 1,2,3-TCP as an unregulated
contaminant for which for which monitoring is required (UCMR). Eight years
later, in 2009, the California Office of Environmental Health Assessment
(OEHHA) within the California Environmental Protection (CALEPA) set a public
health goal (PHG) for 1,2,3-TCP in drinking water of .0007-micrograms per liter (μg/L)or seven parts
per billion (PPB).In 2017the SWRCB adopted a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of
0.000005 mg/L (ppm) which is equal to .005 parts per billion or 5 parts per
trillion) as the MCL for 1,2,3-TCP. </div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">In addition, the proposed </span>regulations
will set the detection limit for purposes of reporting (DLR) at 0.000005 mg/L,
and in July 2017, apprisedpublic water systems they would have to monitor for
1,2,3-TCP beginning in January 2018, and if the water suppliers are out of
compliance with the new standard after an average of four sampling quarters,
they will have to notify their consumers and take measures to come into
compliance.</div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">To date 110
drinking water sources in Kern County, 64 drinking water sources in Fresno
County, and 51 drinking sources in Los Angeles County are not in compliance and
will have to come into compliance. This has led to several municipalities suing
manufacturers of products which contained 1,2,3-TCP, and which were used
decades ago before any environmental standards were set. Their goal, like the
City of Pomona, is to obtain funds from the manufacturers to offset the high
cost associated with the treatment of water to hopefully bring concentrations
of 1,2,3-TCP into compliance with the State’s MCL. The jury outcome the City of
Pomona faced could hold true for municipal suits against the manufacturers of agricultural
products which contain chemicals such as 1,2,3-TCP. Just as was the case with
SQM and sodium nitrate, at the time companies manufactured and sold their
products with 1,2,3-TCP, California did not regulate 1,2,3-TCP. Therefore, municipalities
which sue to obtain money to aid in the remediation of 1,2,3-TCP could likewise
win with respect to liability, but not be awarded any damages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">The City of
Pomona is likely to appeal the Jury’s verdict (there have been previous appeals
in this case), as it considers the matter of damages to be subject to strict
liability, and therefore the Jury’s failure to award damages to be in error.
However, in the interim, this case shows that public water supplies <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seeking reimbursement for the remediation of chemicals
such as 1,2,3-TCP from fertilizer manufacturers may face juries sympathetic to
companies who were acting in accordance with the law in the past, and therefore
should not bear the cost of regulatory changes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">The
attorneys at Coleman & Horowitt, LLP have experience representing clients
in all aspects of environmental regulation, from working with Regional Water Quality
Control Boards on Waste Discharge Requirements (“WDRs”) and Underground Storage
Tank Sites, to working with the Environmental Protection Agency regarding
Superfund Sites and chemical releases, and representing clients in Civil
Litigation brought by Regulatory Agencies and Private Citizens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">SWRCB,
1,2,3-Trichloropropane, </span><a href="https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/123TCP.html"><span style="line-height: 115%;">https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/123TCP.html</span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">ATSDR, 2011.
Addendum to the Toxicity Profile for 1,2,3-Trichloropane (PDF), Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control, August
2011. Other information on 1,2,3-TCP from ATSDR is here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">IARC, 1995.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (PDF), IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic
Risks to Humans, Volume 63, Dry Cleaning, Some Chlorinated Solvents, and Other
Industrial Chemicals, International Agency for Research on Cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">NTP, 2014.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (PDF), in Report on Carcinogens, 13th Edition; U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National
Toxicology Program, October.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">OEHHA, 2009.
Public Health Goal for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in Drinking Water (PDF), August
2009.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">US EPA,
1997. Health Effects Advisory Summary Tables (HEAST), FY 1997 Update, US
Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 9200.6-303
(97-1), EPA-540-R-97-036, July 1997.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">US EPA,
2009. Toxicological Review of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (PDF) in Support of Summary
Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), US EPA. September
2009. IRIS summary is here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">US EPA,
2014. Technical Fact Sheet – 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP), Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, EPA-505-F-14-007. January 2014.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">SWRCB, 2017,
Groundwater Information Sheet (PDF), </span><a href="https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/gama/docs/coc_salinity.pdf"><span style="line-height: 115%;">https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/gama/docs/coc_salinity.pdf</span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">Courthouse
News Service, 2017, City Wins Pollution Case, Jury Awards No Damages, </span><a href="https://www.courthousenews.com/city-wins-pollution-case-jury-awards-no-damages/"><span style="line-height: 115%;">https://www.courthousenews.com/city-wins-pollution-case-jury-awards-no-damages/</span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">SBDDW-17-001
1,2,3-Trichloropropane MCL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;">Information
and Documentation Pertaining to This Regulatory Proposal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/SBDDW-17-001_123TCP_MCL.html"><span style="line-height: 115%;">https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/SBDDW-17-001_123TCP_MCL.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-67247157182928565112018-05-23T17:26:00.001-07:002018-05-23T17:26:31.643-07:00Status of Prop 65 and Glyphosate State vs. Federal<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Olj4TxoKZiI/WwYFsoyB1vI/AAAAAAAAA-s/Q8LokhzD6SghoKcneOGQzF9vvm-URjyEACLcBGAs/s1600/gp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="159" data-original-width="318" height="160" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Olj4TxoKZiI/WwYFsoyB1vI/AAAAAAAAA-s/Q8LokhzD6SghoKcneOGQzF9vvm-URjyEACLcBGAs/s320/gp.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Although there is a recent State Appeals court case that upholds the State’s ability to list Glyphosate as a Prop 65
chemical and would require labeling as such starting July 2018 (<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I9hXVmraCqhdEXdhq3nM-A6ALcO9Jxk5/view?usp=sharing">(5th Dist.)</a> <u>there is
also a federal ruling on preliminary injunction that prohibits the enforcement
of Prop 65 labeling for glyphosate.<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/13fBnpxiUVHKzBEK_eSEN_13Jq3sV-9iY/view?usp=sharing">(CAED)</a></u><o:p></o:p></div>
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The State case (decided in April) involved whether the listing of the chemical
on Prop 65 was proper. Monsanto, the manufacturer of glyphosate, sued the
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) after it announced it
planned to list glyphosate as a carcinogen under Prop. 65. The listing was made
through Prop. 65's labor code listing mechanism, which requires OEHHA to list
chemicals that the World Health Organization's International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) finds to be carcinogenic. In 2015, IARC concluded
that glyphosate was a probable human carcinogen. Before the listing was
finalized, Monsanto sued to block it. After a lower court granted OEHHA a
motion to dismiss the case, the company appealed. While the appeal was pending,
OEHHA listed glyphosate. The 5th District Court of Appeal (Fresno) rejected all
of Monsanto's arguments, which center on the allegation which Prop. 65’s labor
code listing mechanism violates the California and U.S. Constitutions because
it improperly relies on the conclusions of a foreign body, in this case IARC,
to make some listing decisions.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In the Federal case (Feb.2018) the Court granted an preliminary
injunction that prohibits the enforcement of Prop 65 on that July date until
the Court resolves the issue in federal court. Judge Shubb (Sacramento,
Eastern District of Ca.) found merit in the plaintiffs' second ground for
injunction; i.e., that forcing the plaintiffs to place a misleading label on
their products violates the first amendment.<span style="background: #f5f1e3; color: #333333; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span>The
basis of the federal action is that the listing of glyphosate is not unequivocal
and the argument is that:<o:p></o:p></div>
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It is a violation of the first
amendment to require that a business to put a label on that is not 100%
accurate.<o:p></o:p></div>
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On the evidence before the court,
the required warning for glyphosate does not appear to be factually accurate
and uncontroversial because it conveys the message that glyphosate’s
carcinogenicity is an undisputed fact, when almost all other regulators have
concluded that there is insufficient evidence that glyphosate causes cancer. <o:p></o:p></div>
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*****<o:p></o:p></div>
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It is inherently misleading for a
warning to state that a chemical is known to the state of California to cause
cancer based on the finding of one organization (which as noted above, only
found that substance is probably carcinogenic), when apparently all other
regulatory and governmental bodies have found the opposite, including the EPA,
which is one of the bodies California law expressly relies on in determining
whether a chemical causes cancer. The court expresses no opinion as to whether
a statement that a chemical is known to cause cancer is factually accurate and
uncontroversial where there is stronger evidence in support of the chemical’s
carcinogenicity. However, here, given the heavy weight of evidence in the
record that glyphosate is not in fact known to cause cancer, the required
warning is factually inaccurate and controversial. <o:p></o:p></div>
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******<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pending final
resolution of this action, defendants, their agents and employees, all persons
or entities in privity with them, and anyone acting in concert with them are
hereby ENJOINED from enforcing as against plaintiffs, plaintiffs’ members, and
all persons represented by plaintiffs, California Health & Safety Code §
25249.6’s requirement that any person in the course of doing business provide a
clear and reasonable warning before exposing any individual to glyphosate.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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OEHHA has requested the court amend its order granting a
preliminary injunction and a hearing is set for Monday, July 2, 2018.<o:p></o:p></div>
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OEHHA is also in the process of reviewing a
change to the specific language for the pesticide warning labels to make them
consistent with federal pesticide labelling requirements. See attached.</div>
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The agency would add new subsection (d) to section 25603 of
its Article 6 Clear and Reasonable Warnings Regulation that would allow product
manufacturers to use the word "attention" or "notice"
instead of "warning" on their Prop. 65 labels."OEHHA believes
that in these limited circumstances, the use of the alternative signal words …
will bring attention to the warning without interfering with the U.S. EPA or
DPR labeling requirements," according to the agency.<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1U4NGtaPtebNWfHLMvCKi6VmXntvJoL5f/view?usp=sharing">(OEEHA pestlabel)</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">L</span></b><b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">EE</span></b><b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> N. S</span></b><b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;">MITH</span></b><b><span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3825281515192169368.post-78204392562870536892018-05-02T17:08:00.000-07:002018-05-02T17:08:57.568-07:00Suit Filed by Citizens' Group to Challenge CARB 2017 Scoping Plan<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8_phMG4PiO0/WupPNOU_p1I/AAAAAAAAAtY/-T7EEeEkIvEQHbeYSjY93ZPRdF2daehgwCLcBGAs/s1600/scoping_plan_2017_es.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1237" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8_phMG4PiO0/WupPNOU_p1I/AAAAAAAAAtY/-T7EEeEkIvEQHbeYSjY93ZPRdF2daehgwCLcBGAs/s200/scoping_plan_2017_es.jpg" width="154" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A Citizens' group this week filed a Verified Petition challenging CARB's 2017 Greenhouse Gas Scoping Plan, alleging that several provisions of the Scoping Plan were improperly promulgated and result in racial and financial discrimination.<i>The Two Hundred v. California Air Resources Control Board </i>(Case # 18CECG01494, 4/27/2018 Fresno County Superior Court).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Verified Petition contains Eleven Causes of Action under various statutes ranging from the Fair Employment Housing Act, CEQA, the California Clean Air Act, the California Global Warning Solutions Act (GWSA), to violations of the Administrative Procedures Act and due process and equal protection claims under the California Constitution. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Petitioners, "The 200" are described in the Petition as: "<span style="font-size: 11pt;">a
California-base unincorporated association of community leaders, opinion makers
and</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">advocates working in California (including in Fresno County) and
elsewhere on behalf of</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">low income
minorities who are, and have been, affected by California’s housing crisis
and </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">increasing wealth gap.</span> "</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Defendant/Respondent CARB is the state agency directed by the Legislature to implement SB 32, which requires the State to set a target to reduce its GHG emissions to forty percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (“2030 Target”). CARB adopts a “Scoping Plan” every five years, as described in the GWSA. The most recent Scoping Plan sets out the GHG reduction measures that CARB believes will be required to achieve the 2030 Target (“2017 Scoping Plan”). The 2017 Scoping Plan was approved in December 2017.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Petition asserts that:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> "The most staggering, unlawful, and racist components of the 2017 Scoping Plan target new housing. The Plan includes four measures, challenged in this action, that increase the cost and litigation risks of building housing, intentionally worsen congestion (including commute times and vehicular emissions) for workers who already spend more than two hours on the road instead of with their families, and further increase the cost of transportation fuels and electricity." </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Petition targets four new measures:: (A) The new Vehicle Miles Traveled mandate; (B) The new “net zero” CEQA threshold for GHG emissions (C) The new CO2 per capita targets for local climate action plans for 2030 and 2050; and (D) The “Vibrant Communities”policies in Appendix C to the 2017 Scoping Plan, to the extent they incorporate the VMT, net Zero and new CO2 per capita targets.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Petition seeks to have these four measures withdrawn until additional CEQA and other additional public review is undertaken.</span><br />
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<br />Lee N. Smithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14175496438065327388noreply@blogger.com0